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Plum Tree Diseases: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Plum trees are a popular fruit tree, known for their sweet and juicy plums. However, like all plants, they are susceptible to various diseases that can impact their growth and productivity. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common plum tree diseases, their symptoms, treatments, and prevention measures.

1. Black Knot Disease

Black knot disease is caused by a fungus called Dibotryon morbosum, which affects both wild and cultivated plum trees. The fungus causes black, swollen knots to form on the branches, which can eventually lead to the death of the entire tree. The disease is most common in humid areas with cool spring weather.

Black knot disease on plum tree branch
Black knot disease on plum tree branch

The best treatment for black knot disease is to prune the infected branches at least 4 inches below the visible signs of infection. It's important to disinfect pruning tools between cuts to prevent the spread of the fungus. Applying fungicides in the early spring before any knots appear can also help prevent the disease from spreading.

2. Brown Rot

Brown rot is a fungal disease caused by Monilinia fructicola. It affects stone fruits such as plums, peaches, and cherries, causing brownish-gray spots to appear on the fruit. The spots become soft and mushy, eventually turning into a brown, mummified mass. Infected fruit often falls from the tree prematurely.

Brown rot on plum fruit
Brown rot on plum fruit

Prevention is key when it comes to brown rot. Keep the area around the tree clean and free of debris, as the fungus can overwinter in fallen fruit and leaves. Remove and dispose of all infected fruit and branches immediately. Applying fungicides during bloom and fruit set can also help prevent the disease from taking hold.

3. Bacterial Canker

Bacterial canker is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. It affects many fruit trees, including plums, causing sunken, oozing lesions to form on the bark and branches. Leaves may also turn yellow or wilt, and fruit production may be reduced.

Bacterial canker on plum tree bark
Bacterial canker on plum tree bark

Prune infected branches at least 6 inches below the visible signs of infection, and make sure to disinfect pruning tools between cuts. Applying a copper fungicide in the fall can also help prevent the disease from returning in the spring.

4. Plum Pox Virus

Plum pox virus is a serious disease that affects stone fruit trees such as plums, apricots, and peaches. It causes yellow rings or spots to form on the leaves, as well as stunted growth and reduced fruit production. The virus is spread by aphids and can quickly infect an entire orchard.

Plum pox virus on plum leaves
Plum pox virus on plum leaves

Unfortunately, there is no cure for plum pox virus. Infected trees must be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the virus to other trees. Planting virus-resistant varieties and controlling aphid populations can help prevent the disease from taking hold.

5. Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects many plants, including plum trees. It causes a white, powdery coating to form on the leaves, which can stunt growth and reduce fruit production. The disease thrives in warm, humid conditions.

Powdery mildew on plum tree leaves
Powdery mildew on plum tree leaves

To treat powdery mildew, remove infected foliage and dispose of it in the trash. Applying a sulfur fungicide once a week during periods of high humidity can also help prevent the disease from spreading.

6. Prevention Measures

The best way to prevent plum tree diseases is to maintain healthy trees through proper care and maintenance practices. This includes:

  • Planting disease-resistant varieties
  • Pruning regularly to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration
  • Watering deeply and infrequently to avoid creating humid conditions
  • Fertilizing with balanced fertilizer in the spring and fall
  • Cleaning up fallen fruit and debris regularly
  • Applying appropriate fungicides and insecticides as needed
Proper care and maintenance of plum trees
Proper care and maintenance of plum trees

By following these prevention measures and monitoring your plum trees regularly, you can help keep them healthy and productive for years to come.

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