Epiphyllum Varieties: A Comprehensive Guide to Different Species and Cultivars
If you're a fan of cacti or succulents, you might have heard about the stunning and unique plants that belong to the Epiphyllum genus. These plants are known for their intricate and colorful flowers that bloom at night and attract pollinators like hummingbirds and moths.
What are Epiphyllums?
Epiphyllums, also known as orchid cacti, are a group of tropical and subtropical cactus plants native to Central and South America. They are epiphytic plants, meaning that they grow on other plants, such as trees or rocks, and derive water and nutrient sources from the air and rain.
Epiphyllums have flat, leaf-like stems that can grow up to several feet long and wide. The stems are composed of segments, which can have serrated or smooth edges depending on the species or cultivar. These segments can be easily propagated by cuttings, making Epiphyllums popular among plant enthusiasts who enjoy creating their hybrids and varieties.
Popular Epiphyllum Varieties
1. Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Also known as Queen of the Night, Epiphyllum oxypetalum is arguably the most famous and revered species in the Epiphyllum genus. It is prized for its large and fragrant white flowers that bloom once a year, usually during late spring or early summer.
The flowers of Epiphyllum oxypetalum can reach up to 30 centimeters in diameter and open at night, emitting a sweet and intoxicating fragrance that attracts nocturnal animals. It takes several years for an Epiphyllum oxypetalum seedling to mature and flower, but the wait is undoubtedly worth it for any plant lover.
2. Epiphyllum phyllanthus
Epiphyllum phyllanthus, also called Hookeriopsis phyllanthus, is another attractive and popular Epiphyllum species. It has elongated, flat stems with deep green color and wavy margins. Its flowers are smaller than Epiphyllum oxypetalum's, but they are just as beautiful and colorful.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus blooms profusely in spring and summer, producing flowers that range from pink to orange and red, depending on the variety. This plant is easy to grow and maintain, making it a great choice for beginners or anyone looking for a low-maintenance yet showy plant.
3. Epiphyllum anguliger
Epiphyllum anguliger, also known as fishbone cactus or zigzag cactus, is a distinctive and fascinating Epiphyllum species that differs greatly from the previous two. It has thin and angular stems that resemble the bones of a fish or a reptile, hence its common names.
Epiphyllum anguliger doesn't produce as many flowers as other Epiphyllum species, but when it does, they are striking and unusual. Its flowers are small and bell-shaped, with pale green petals and white stamens. This plant prefers bright and indirect light and well-drained soil, and it can thrive in slightly cooler temperatures than other Epiphyllums.
4. Epiphyllum hybridum
Epiphyllum hybridum, also known as orchid-flowered cactus or hybrid Epiphyllum, is a broad category that includes all Epiphyllum plants created by crossbreeding different species or cultivars. Epiphyllum hybridum can have different characteristics depending on the parent plants used, resulting in a vast array of colors, shapes, and sizes.
Some popular Epiphyllum hybridum cultivars include 'Fantasia', which has vibrant pink and lavender flowers, 'Jungle Flame', which features fiery red-orange blooms, and 'Gingerbread', which has soft peach petals and a spicy scent.
Tips for Growing and Caring for Epiphyllums
Whether you're a seasoned Epiphyllum collector or a newbie, here are some tips to help you grow and care for your plants:
1. Provide Adequate Light
Most Epiphyllum species prefer bright but indirect light, such as that found under a shaded patio or near a window with a sheer curtain. Avoid exposing them to direct sunlight, as this can cause their leaves to burn and dry out. If you live in a region with hot summers, you may need to move your Epiphyllums indoors or provide them with additional shade during the hottest hours of the day.
2. Water Sparingly
Since Epiphyllums are epiphytic plants, they don't require frequent watering like regular houseplants. Overwatering can cause their roots to rot and die, so it's best to let the soil dry out completely between waterings. In general, you should water your Epiphyllums once a week during the growing season (spring and summer) and reduce watering to once every two to three weeks during the dormant season (fall and winter).
3. Use Well-Draining Soil
Epiphyllums prefer loose and well-draining soil that mimics their natural habitat. You can use a mix of equal parts peat moss, perlite, and sand to create a suitable growing medium. Make sure to plant your Epiphyllums in pots with drainage holes to allow excess water to escape and prevent root rot.
4. Fertilize Regularly
Epiphyllums benefit from regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer that contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. You can fertilize your plants every two weeks during the growing season and reduce feeding to once a month during the dormant season. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can burn the roots and foliage of your Epiphyllums.
Epiphyllums are an exotic and beautiful addition to any plant collection, with their unique appearance and stunning flowers that bloom at night. Whether you prefer the classic beauty of Epiphyllum oxypetalum or the unconventional allure of Epiphyllum anguliger, there's an Epiphyllum variety that will suit your taste and style. By following the tips and guidelines outlined in this guide, you can successfully grow and care for your Epiphyllums and enjoy their beauty for years to come.
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