Understanding Tomato Cracking: Causes, Prevention, and Remedies

Tomatoes are one of the most commonly grown garden vegetables in the world. They're easy to cultivate, highly nutritious, and delicious. However, one problem that many tomato growers face is cracking. Cracks on tomatoes can happen for various reasons, and they can be frustrating and unsightly. In this article, we'll explore the causes of tomato cracking, how to prevent it from happening, and remedies if it does occur.

What Is Tomato Cracking?

Tomato cracking, also known as radial cracking, is a condition where the fruit develops cracks or splits on its skin. These cracks can appear in concentric rings around the stem (referred to as concentric cracking) or from the stem to the bottom of the fruit (known as radial cracking).

A tomato with radial cracking

Cracking typically occurs during the final stage of ripening when the tomato grows rapidly and the skin can't expand fast enough to accommodate the growth. The cracks usually start at the top of the fruit near the stem and can extend down to the bottom, making the fruit unsuitable for market or consumption.

Causes of Tomato Cracking

There are several reasons why tomatoes can crack. Understanding these causes can help you prevent cracking and maintain healthy, blemish-free plants.

Over-watering

One of the leading causes of tomato cracking is over-watering. When tomato plants receive too much water, they absorb more than they can handle, causing the fruit to split. Over-watering can also lead to other problems such as root rot and fungal diseases.

A tomato with concentric cracking

Inconsistent Watering

Inconsistent watering can also lead to tomato cracking. Tomatoes need consistent moisture levels, so sudden fluctuations in soil moisture can cause the fruit to split. If the soil dries out and then receives a large amount of water soon after, the fruit can’t adjust to the sudden changes and will crack.

Inadequate Fertilization

Fertilization is essential for healthy tomato growth, and a lack of nutrients can lead to cracking. Tomatoes require an adequate supply of calcium to build strong cell walls, which can prevent cracking. A lack of calcium can lead to blossom-end rot, which is characterized by sunken black patches at the blossom end of the fruit. This disorder can weaken the skin and make it more susceptible to cracking.

Extreme Temperatures

Tomatoes prefer warm temperatures, but extreme heat or cold can cause them to crack. High temperatures can cause the fruit to ripen too quickly, leading to cracking. Cold temperatures can also damage the fruit, making the skin more vulnerable to cracking.

Preventing Tomato Cracking

By taking some simple steps, you can prevent tomato cracking and maintain healthy plants that produce blemish-free fruits.

Water Consistently

To prevent over-watering and inconsistent watering, it's important to water your tomato plants consistently. Water deeply once a week, providing at least one inch of water. If there's a drought, you may need to water more frequently.

Fertilize Adequately

Ensure that your tomato plants receive adequate fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients like calcium. You can also add crushed eggshells or bone meal to the soil to increase its calcium content.

Protect From Extreme Temperatures

When temperatures are high, protect your tomato plants from direct sunlight by using shade cloth or a light-colored blanket. If the temperature drops below 50°F, cover your plants with a frost blanket or row cover to prevent damage from the cold.

Remedies for Tomato Cracking

If your tomatoes have already cracked, there are still some things you can do to remedy the situation.

Harvest Your Tomatoes Early

If you notice that your tomatoes are starting to crack, harvest them early. Even if they’re not fully ripe, they’ll continue to ripen off the vine. This can reduce the risk of further cracking and ensure that you still get to enjoy your harvest.

Prune Your Plants

If you've noticed that your tomato plants are producing too many fruits, consider pruning them. This can help reduce the demand for water and nutrients and prevent further cracking.

Use a Calcium Supplement

If your tomato plants are lacking calcium, you can use a calcium supplement to provide extra nutrients. Add a tablespoon of calcium nitrate or calcium chloride per gallon of water and apply the solution to the soil around the base of the plant.

The Bottom Line

Tomatoes are a rewarding crop to grow, but cracking can be a common issue for many gardeners. By understanding the causes of tomato cracking, you can take preventative measures to protect your plants from splitting. And if your tomatoes do crack, there are remedies you can try to salvage your harvest. With proper care and attention, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of plump, unblemished tomatoes.

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