Witches Broom in Blackberries: Understanding the Disease and How to Control It
Blackberries are a delicious fruit that many people enjoy, but they can be susceptible to a disease known as witches broom. This disease can cause stunted growth and reduced fruit production in blackberry plants, which can be frustrating for growers. In this article, we will discuss what witches broom is, how it impacts blackberries, and what can be done to control it.
What is Witches Broom?
Witches broom is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects the growth of blackberry plants. The fungus infects the plants through wounds or natural openings, such as stomata or lenticels, and causes abnormal growth in the form of multiple shoots from a single point on the cane. The resulting growth resembles a broom, hence the name witches broom.
The fungus responsible for witches broom is called Candidatus Phytoplasma, which is a microscopic organism that lives inside the plant's phloem tissue. The disease is most common in warm, humid climates and can spread rapidly throughout a blackberry patch if left unchecked.
How Does Witches Broom Impact Blackberries?
Witches broom can have a significant impact on blackberry plants, leading to stunted growth and reduced fruit production. The multiple shoots that grow from a single point on the cane compete with each other for nutrients and water, which can cause the plant to weaken over time. Additionally, the excess growth can make it more difficult to harvest the fruit, leading to a reduction in yield.
In severe cases, witches broom can lead to the death of the entire blackberry plant. This can be especially problematic for commercial growers who rely on their crops for income.
Controlling Witches Broom in Blackberries
There are several strategies that can be used to control witches broom in blackberries:
1. Pruning
One of the most effective ways to control witches broom is through pruning. Infected canes should be pruned back to healthy wood at least six inches below the affected area. Be sure to sterilize pruning tools between cuts to prevent the spread of the disease.
2. Sanitation
Proper sanitation practices can also help to control the spread of witches broom. Remove and dispose of infected plant material, and avoid working in wet conditions, which can promote the spread of the disease.
3. Chemical Treatments
Chemical treatments can be effective in controlling witches broom, but should only be used as a last resort. Fungicides such as copper-based products can be applied to the plant to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, care should be taken to follow label instructions carefully to avoid damaging the plant or the environment.
4. Planting Resistant Varieties
Planting varieties of blackberries that are resistant to witches broom can help to reduce the incidence of the disease. Check with your local extension service or nursery for recommendations on resistant varieties.
Witches broom can be a serious problem for blackberry growers, but there are several strategies that can be used to control its spread. Pruning infected canes, practicing good sanitation, using chemical treatments selectively, and planting resistant varieties can all help to reduce the impact of this disease. By taking proactive steps to control witches broom, growers can ensure a healthy and productive blackberry crop.
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