Espalier Fruit Trees: How to Grow and Prune Them
Do you want to grow fruit trees in small spaces? Do you want to learn a method that is not only practical but also beautiful? Espalier fruit trees might be the answer. This ancient horticultural technique has been used for centuries in European gardens, but it is becoming more popular around the world. In this article, we will discuss how to grow and prune espalier fruit trees.
What Are Espalier Fruit Trees?
Espalier fruit trees are trees that have been trained to grow flat against a wall or a fence in a specific pattern. This method not only saves space, but it also helps to increase the yield of the tree. Espalier fruit trees can be trained into different patterns, such as cordon (horizontal), fan (diagonal), or Belgian fence (crisscross).
How to Choose the Right Tree?
Choosing the right tree for espalier is crucial. You need to choose a tree variety that is suitable for your climate and soil type. Dwarf varieties are ideal for espalier because they have smaller branches and are easier to train. The most common fruit trees used for espalier are apple, pear, peach, nectarine, and cherry.
How to Plant Espalier Fruit Trees?
When planting an espalier fruit tree, you need to prepare the soil well. Dig a hole twice as wide and deep as the tree's root ball. Mix some compost and fertilizer with the soil. Place the tree in the hole, making sure the graft union is above the soil level. Fill the hole with soil and water well.
After planting, you need to install a support system for your espalier fruit tree. You can use a trellis, wires or a fence as a support. Make sure the support is sturdy enough to hold the weight of the tree and its fruit.
How to Prune Espalier Fruit Trees?
Pruning is the key to maintaining the shape and productivity of an espalier fruit tree. There are two main pruning times: winter and summer.
In winter, you need to prune the tree's framework. Cut back any growth that is not part of the desired shape. Select and retain 2-3 main branches that will form the main framework of the tree. Tie the branches to the support system if needed.
In summer, you need to prune the new growth. Pinch off any side shoots that appear on the main branches. Leave only the central stem and the top bud. This will encourage the tree to produce fruiting spurs.
How to Care for Espalier Fruit Trees?
Watering and fertilizing are important for the health and productivity of an espalier fruit tree. Water the tree deeply once a week during the growing season. Fertilize the tree with a balanced fertilizer in early spring before the buds break. Mulch the base of the tree to retain moisture and control weeds.
Protect the tree from pests and diseases by monitoring it regularly. Remove any dead or diseased wood immediately. Spray the tree with an organic insecticide or fungicide when necessary.
Espalier fruit trees are not only practical but also beautiful. They can add interest and charm to your garden while providing you with fresh fruit. With the right tree selection, planting, pruning, and care, you can successfully grow espalier fruit trees. Give it a try and enjoy the benefits!
apple varieties, pear varieties, peach varieties, nectarine varieties, cherry varieties
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